2024.11.6
OSIPP基幹講座教員の10月の研究業績をご紹介します。
・南和志 先生 ・宮野紗由美 先生
・山下拓朗 先生 ・赤井伸郎 先生
・小原美紀 先生 ・松林哲也 先生
南和志（受賞）
令和6年度 大阪大学賞 若手教員部門 受賞
業績名：冷戦変容期における米中「人民外交」の研究
山下拓朗（受賞）
令和6年度 大阪大学賞 若手教員部門 受賞
業績名：制度設計と情報設計の理論およびオークションや市場・組織分析への応用の研究
Miki Kohara（論文）
Ryo Sakamoto and Miki Kohara (2024) “Why Gender Norms Matter” Economica, 10 September 2024.（査読あり） https://doi.org/10.1111/ecca.12551
Abstract：The present paper reexamines the causal impact of working hours on workers’ mental health. We utilize Japan’s 2010 reform of the Labor Standards Law as a social experiment to examine how the increased wage penalty for long overtime work affects working hours and workers’ mental health. Utilizing a unique panel dataset containing health behaviors and individual, household, and workplace characteristics of male workers, we find that the wage penalty reform indeed succeeded in reducing overtime hours and total working hours, and that the reductions contributed to workers’ better mental health. Further empirical investigation suggests that the reduction effect of the reform on working time is homogeneous among age groups; however, the harmful effect of working time on mental health is large and statistically significant among young workers. Our results suggest that setting a high wage penalty for long overtime work effectively reduces overtime work and improves workers’ health outcomes, particularly among youth.
Miki Kohara（論文）
Hang Thu Nguyen-Phung¡, Miki Kohara, and Secil Er (2024) “The Impact of ICT Development on Female Employment and Household’s Well-being in Vietnam,” Japanese Economic Review（査読あり）https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s42973-024-00180-7
Abstract: This paper examines the impact of ICT development on female labor market outcomes across Vietnam, using data from four waves of the nationally representative Vietnam Household Living Standard Surveys conducted in 2012, 2014, 2016, and 2018. Leveraging the variation in the degree of ICT development among provinces as a source of exogenous variation, we employ fixed effects models. Our findings show that a 10 percent improvement in ICT increases the likelihood of obtaining a contract job by approximately 2.9 percentage points for married women, nearly 3 percentage points for low-educated married women, and 8 percentage points for married women from minority ethnic groups. The rise in contract jobs for these groups suggests that ICT development has improved the local labor market and enhanced the job-matching process for vulnerable women in Vietnam. Additionally, we explore the well-being of households led by married women in contractual employment, revealing a positive correlation between the ICT Index and average daily caloric intake per capita in such households. Our pathway emphasizes the synergy of ICT deployment, expanded contractual opportunities, and improved caloric intake. Furthermore, the results indicate a reduction in working hours for married women in contractual positions due to ICT development, suggesting ICT’s role in enhancing time management and work efficiency, thereby positively impacting household well-being.
Sayumi Miyano（論文）
Davis, Christina L., Jialu Li, and Sayumi Miyano (2024) “Peer Conformity and Competition Shape How Business Managers Evaluate Withdrawals from Russia amid the Ukraine War.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, September 3, 2024, 121 (37) e2406471121.（査読あり） https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2406471121
Abstract：States have long used economic sanctions in response to violations of international law as a strategy to restore order. Increasingly, firms also reject doing business with violators. In response to the war in Ukraine, hundreds of multinational corporations voluntarily withdrew from Russia, even when policymakers were still debating the extent of sanctions. How did firm managers evaluate whether to withdraw from the Russian market? Using a survey experiment with Japanese firm managers conducted three months after the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, we explore how peer effects—information on what other firms are doing in response to the crisis—influence support for withdrawal of business activity with Russia. Our findings show that information about withdrawal by other firms from a diverse set of countries promotes peer conformity that increases support. In contrast, information about ongoing business with Russia by Chinese firms fosters competition that reduces support. Market exposure moderates these reactions, although the concern about peer behavior does not appear to be driven by a reputation mechanism. Our research provides insight into how business actors perceive the strategic interplay of peer influence and market dynamics in the context of geopolitical conflicts.
小原美紀（その他の記事）
「「働く人の健康」がみんなの生産性を高める」『世界』、No.982、岩波書店、149-157頁(2024)
https://www.iwanami.co.jp/book/b646276.html
概要：この記事では、「働くこと」と「健康」の関係性について統計的根拠に基づいて論じている。健康が労働者個人の幸福や労働成果に大きな影響を与え、長期的な労働生産性や社会全体の利益にもつながる可能性が指摘されている。また、労働者の健康が改善されることで職場全体のパフォーマンスが向上し、企業や国の生産性向上に寄与することが指摘されている。さらに、「労働」は職場で働くことだけを指さない。記事では、家事労働における健康問題にも焦点を当て、特に女性の二重負担の健康への影響を考慮し、健康維持のための制度改革や政策は考えられている以上に大切であることが説かれている。
This article discusses in detail the relationship between “work” and “health” based on statistical evidence, examining the impact of health on both individual workers and the workplace as a whole. According to the academic findings, health can be directly linked to workers’ well-being and job performance, and from a long-term perspective, it contributes to improved productivity for companies and economic growth for the nation. The article also focuses on health issues in domestic labor, particularly the impact of the dual burden on women’s health, emphasizing the need to consider the welfare loss of these market labor and home production more seriously.
赤井伸郎（その他の記事）
「国立大の授業料引き上げ、所得水準で差も」『十字路』日本経済新聞（2024年9月26日付夕刊）https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUF10CRF0Q4A910C2000000/
概要：国立大学の授業料引き上げの議論が盛んだ。国の財源に余裕はない。国立大の財源確保の議論は授業料引き上げに向かっている。授業料引き上げでは、教育の機会均等化という効果も期待できる。所得階層によって授業料の負担が変わる制度は一つの選択肢だ。余裕のある世帯から財源を確保できれば、授業料が軽減される層を拡大することができる。教育機会の均等化を実現するための制度だ。柔軟な授業料の設定で入学機会を広げる「負担能力に応じた適正化」である。安易な一律値上げではなく、きめ細かな制度設計と丁寧な説明が求められる。
松林哲也（その他の記事）
衆院選2024「投票所が１か所減ると、投票率はどうなるか…『職員や立会人確保難しい』前回から半減する自治体も」読売新聞オンライン（2024/10/23配信） https://www.yomiuri.co.jp/election/shugiin/20241022-OYT1T50109/
松林哲也（その他の記事）
2024衆院選「投票はシグナル 出し続けて – 1票では変わらない？ 松林哲也･大阪大教授に聞く」
朝日新聞（2024年10月25日付大阪版朝刊）https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASSBS3J6HSBSOXIE032M.html
松林哲也（お知らせ）
特集「投票率はなぜ低い？～選挙と投票率を考える」TBSラジオ（10月18日 20時～ 荻上チキ・Session）
＜松林先生の出演＞2:05:28〜Main Session：特集「シリーズ衆議院選挙～投票率を上げるために、何が必要なのか？」